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In the process of Logistics at the port involves- customs formalities and increase various duties and activities on its arrival to the port of destination for the clearance of vessels and transport the goods to warehouse. Other hand for the port of origin many duties and functions are also needed to be complete. Which may involve many intermediaries like. :-  Forwarding & Clearing Agents Shipping Agents Forwarding & Clearing Agents are responsible for clearance of goods including custom clearance at the port. The associated costs at the two ends of maritime transport process will depend on the purchase contract terms. The supplier is responsible for responsible for the custom clearance at the loading port or port of origin for all trade terms except when the contract is on FAS terms. These terms are Incoterms which be discussed in my earlier blog posts. I will also post a latest Incoterms very soon in the coming post.  Now in these days freight- forwarders are not only forwar

Lufthansa Cargo Plane at Airport It is the real fact that logistics & supply chain is the backbone of industrial and financial growth of any country and world. Different transport modes are the part of logistics & supply chain. Freight forwarders, shippers and transporters are using different modes and many times multi-modes of transport . About multimodal transport which is main ways of cargo movement in these days will be discussed in other posts. I will write a seperate post about it again in our comming posts.  In this post we will discuss about the advantages of air transport mode for movement of cargos. We know that ait freight forwarding is fastest and modern mode but it is more expensive than shipping mode of transport. But some of very important advantages of air mode of movement of freight and cargos are as listed below.  Inventory costs are low in this mode. Important part is that breakage is negligible. The loss due to rough handling and pilferage is reduced to the

Many professionals and new comers in the field of Logistics and Supply Chain get always confused regarding these terms and always asking about the actual difference between them. Here is this video I will discuss all the three terms and detailing the correct difference between them. If you think this video is really helpful for you then please subscribe my channel and see many videos related with Logistics, Supply Chain and Transport. These videos are very useful for professionals, students and new comers in the field of Logistics and Supply Chain Management.

Social medias are full of unnecessary discussion and thoughts. Every people on the social medias are claiming their ability fake but some of them are true also. Blog is original image of public qualities and their abilities. So I am posting here an assignments for all Logistics Professionals, students and teachers. Please solve these question which are very important to check your abilities. Loading...

Various quantitative models from the  Operation Research Literature  can be used to address the decision areas in  Logistics. Location models:-  These models help in planning the optimal location of plant or warehouses, considering the inbound and outbound transportation costs and infrastructure cost at the locations.  Allocation models:-  These models help in optimally allocating commodities from sources to destinations in a multiple sources, multi destination environment. The costs consider for optimization are the production cost, transportation cost and warehousing. Distribution network design models:-  These models are usually comprehensive in nature deciding between a two, three or even four stage distribution network, location of warehouses and break bulk points and sometimes even the transport mode choice. Inventory models:-  Inventory models play a key role in Logistics Management. The inventories that are directly affected due to outbound logistics are  Finished

 Applicability for Multimodal Transport Document :-  These rules apply when they are incorporated, however this is made, in writing, orally or otherwise, into a contract of carriage by reference to the “UNCTAD/ICC Rules for Multimodal Transport Document” , irrespective of whether there is a Unimodal or a Multimodal Transport Contract involving one or several modes of transport or whether a document has been issued or not. Whenever such a reference is made, the parties agree that these rules shall supersede any additional terms of the Multimodal Transport Contract which are in conflict with these rules, expect insofar as they increased the responsibility or obligations of the Multimodal Transport Operator. Multimodal Transport Contract means a single contract for the carriage of goods by at least two different modes of transport and Multimodal Transport Operator means the person who concludes a Multimodal Transport Contract and assumes responsibility for the perf

Customs Security is usually composed of two elements :-  -----  A requirement for a financial guarantee to be established in the transit country by the party responsible for the transit operation to meet possible claims by the Customs, coupled with -----  Physical measures taken by the Customs to verify that the goods are eventually re-exported. Under the TIR guarantee system, each contracting party designated a national guaranteeing assosiation, which undertakes to act as a guarantor for all TIR carnets used for transit on the territory of the country, Regardless of whether the carnets have been issued by the association itself or by association of other countries which are parties to the TIR Convention. All these associations form a chain in which members are linked to each other through an International Organization, which is the International Road Transport Union (IRU). Reference to Customs Security Arrangements in the MT Convention was limited to the following

Trade Logistics is a chain of series of links and interfaces with potential for value addition. The difference between the revenue earned by a business enterprise and the cost of bought-in materials, services and components, represent the value which a firm adds by the process of production. The value added concept is also important in that it helps in measuring productivity and profitability of an enterprise, its impact on the national economy and keeping in focus the sources of comparative advantage like logistics, marketing, sales and service. Through optimization which is the essential function of logistics, many nations like new big economic nation India and China, also developed nation like USA and western European nations and Japan have benefited by :- -----  Selling service rather than remaining content with the price of exporting. -----  Simplifying documentation, customs clearance and payment formalities. -----  Offering varied choice of delivery terms. -----

Traffic Forecasts :- In traffic forecasting two methods can be resorted to, which as may appear are not mutually exclusive. These are :- -----  trend analysis and extrapolation. -----  trade projections based on economy of the country and are done on the basis of actual economics parameters. Both methods applied mechanically and in isolation can lead to very unrealistic figures. Normally trade forecasting will start with the trade statistics of the previous years preferably in both value and volume terms. Port statistics may be helpful in other cases but in the context of LLCs where the serving ocean ports may not have the country-wise exports, this method will not help to allow analysis of trend, a run of figures is needed and the period should be preferably at least as long as the forecasting period.   The economists approach in trade forecasting would tend to categorize commodities according to their economic properties . A clear cut distinction has to be made

In a voyage charter the time spent by the vessel at the port is, of particular importance to the owner because the freight is fixed only with reference to the quality of cargo carried and any undue detention during which he continues to incur fixed overhead charges such as depreciation, insurance, interest on invested capital, wages etc. would reduce his calculated profit. An important clause in the charter party is therefore the one stipulating the maximum time to be allowed for the cargo loading and discharging operations, that is Lay Time. The provisions of the charter party usually state that lay time is to commence at a specific time after notice of readiness has been given. The cancelling date is applicable to the loading port only and is the absolute last day under the terms of the charter party on which the charterer is obliged to make use of the vessel. Lay Time may be expressed as the maximum number of days allowed for loading and discharge or as loading/discha

Time Charter in Shipping is usually restored to when the charterer desires to operate a vessel for a period of time without undertaking either the financial commitments of ownership or responsibilities of navigation and management of the vessel. Point of difference between time charter and voyage charter is the basis of calculating hire or freight . In the case of voyage charter freight is paid on the cargo carried and is directly proportionate to the volume of the cargo. In the case of time charter, the volume of cargo has no relation to the charter hire which is fixed on the basis of carrying capacity of the vessel and is directly proportionate to the period of charter . Followings are the clauses contained in the time charter party usually related to :- -----  Description of the vessel name, flag, ownership, class, gross and net registered tonnage, cargo capacity, indicated horse power and speed, bunker consumption, etc. -----  Rate of cahrter hire and mode of payment

  Bare Boat Charter is also known as Demise Charter. This is a type of contract under which the owner provides the service of vessel to the Charterer for a period of time in return for charter hire. For all practical purpose, charterer acts as the owner of the vessel during the period of charter but without undertaking the financial commitments of ownership. The Bare Boat Charter party commonly used is the standard "Barecon" charter party. The charter party usually contains clauses relating to; 1)  Description of vessel - such as size, speed, fuel consumption, loading capacity etc. on which the performance will be depend. 2)  Survey to be carried out on delivery and re-delivery. 3)  Inventories of stores to be taken on delivery and re-delivery. 4)  Charter period - usually a provision of included giving the charterer the option of extending the validity of the charter by a specified period. 5)  Rate of charter hire and mode of payment. This is usually compute

  There are two important decisions in Warehousing. Which are as follows :- A)  Warehousing Location : The following factors influence the location of a warehouse:- ------  Transport facilities available. ------  Transportation cost of serving the market area. ------  Transportation cost of supply to the warehouse. -----  Product price, customers' expected level of service and the resulting inventory carrying costs. -----  Exise duties and other taxes assesed in the area. -----  Labour supply and costs. -----  Land and construction cost. -----  Availability of power, water and communication. -----  Climatic conditions. -----  Attitude of residents and government towards the establishment of the warehouse. -----  Potential for future expansion. -----  Location of warehouse of competitors. B)  Own versus lease versus use Public Warehouse :- A warehouse may be privatly used or publically used . If a company makes goods and these are stored exclusivel

Paperless trading is done by Electronic Data Interchange (EDI). EDI is a very important Part of Modern Trade and Logistics.  Evolution of data elements that can be transmitted electronically to interchange trading information such as invoice etc. have been part of this development. Advantage of Paperless Trading :- ------  EDI saves on clerical costs by avoiding re-entering of data. It allows timely and error free transaction information be passed from one computer to another. -----  By improving information management and data exchange between organizations, EDI promotes introduction of new business strategies such as just in time manufacturing based on zero stock principle. -----  Providing error free information to the right place at the right time; thus quicker response to orders, shortening of delivery cycle. -----  Reducing stocks levels and thus increasing availability of working capital. -----  Quicker and safer processing of invoice brings speedy payments wi

  -----   Having determined the trade volumes , the immediate exercise would be estimate the traffic flows likely to be materialized at the dry port . This volume obviously would be a percentage of the total trade volumes and would be influenced by many factors having a direct or indirect bearing on such traffic . -----   To begin with such commodities as crude oil , petroleum, oil and lubricants, dry bulk cargoes like minerals and ores, coal, cement, fertilizers and heavy structural including steel etc.  have to be discounted to the appropriate extent . -----   The general principal to be followed should be to concentrate on containerisable commodities, and general cargo able to containerization . -----   This fact is supported by ever increasing conversion of breakbulk general goods traffic into containerized transport and this being the future scenario, provisions of container handling facilities should suffice at the dry ports. -----   After having obtained the volumes

  -----   Science transport is an integral part of global trade , the documents issued by the Carrier while taking charge of the goods in a crucial document. The other documents include commercial invoice, packing list, certificate of origin, certificate of inspection etc. -----   The Transport Document will depend on the mode of transport like sea, air , land and the agency issuing the document . The most commonly used Transport Document is called Bill of Lading with an endorsement "shipped on Board" signifying that the goods have been physically placed on board on the ship. In the case of Air Transport , the document is called Airway Bill issued by airlines or their authorized agents. -----   Multimodal Transport implies transport by  two or more then two modes under a single document issued by MTO . This document has involved in response to advances in transport technology through containerization and emergence of non-vessel owning operators. Such operators have e

  In order to make the underwriter liable under a contract of marine insurance or cargo insurance , there are certain preliminary essential conditions which must be complied with though not expressed in clear ords . These terms are implied warranties basically these are two :- A)  -----  Implied warranties of seaworthiness :-                               It implies that the ship , by which the particular kind of cargo is transported , is fit to carry the particular cargo . For instance , if is frozen meat , then the refrigerating machinery, holds etc. must be in proper order . Actually for a proper cargo all supporting  machinery and others have to be in a good condition and seaworthy , but there are is not implied warranty that the goods are seaworthy . b)  -----  Marin adventure in all respect to be lawful activity :-               It implies that an insurance of unenforceable if it is respect to a marine adventure which has declared illegal according to the law of land

  The term "Circumstance" includes any communication made or information received by the assured . Every circumstance is deemed to be material which would influence the judgment of an insurer in determining the risk of fixing the premium . The assured is under obligation to tell every material fact and the change in circumstance , if any , to the insurer . Further if the assured is asked a question whether a material fact or not , by the underwriter , he must answered it truly otherwise it may vitiate the policy . However , the following circumstances need not be disclosed :- a)  -----  Any circumstance which diminishes the risk . b)  -----  Any circumstance as to which information has been waived of by the insurer while taking the risk. c)  -----  Any circumstance which is known or presumed to be known to the insurer in ordinary course of the business ;     Matters presumed to be known by underwriter are the matters falling in the category of trade usages such

This Convention is administered by the Customs Co-operation Councils . Its purpose is to facilitate the use of containers in international traffic . The contracting parties grant free temporary admission to containers subjected to re-exportation when they are ; -----   Imported loaded to be re-exported empty or loaded . -----   Imported empty to be re-exported loaded . Containers have to be approved in compliance with technical conditions concerning construction and closing systems, including ; -----   External marking with owner's name and address , tare and identification; -----   They have to be capable to simple the effective sealing; -----   It must not be possible to introduce or remove any goods without breaking the seal or leaving trace of tampering . -----   There must be no space in which goods might be hidden; -----   They must be readily accessible for Customs inspection; a certificate of approval must be displayed on the outside . -----   P

The advantages for customs authorities of States Contracting Parties to the TIR Convention are considerable. In particular the following may be mentioned . -----   The physical inspection of the load and transit country frontiers , expensive in terms of labor and facilities , can be replaced by inspection confined merely to the external condition of the container or the means of transport and the sales  affixed by competent authorities in the country of departure ; -----   It is no longer necessary to organize a national guaranteeing system since an International guaranteeing system of lawful amount per TIR carnet and per country is provided by the TIR system . -----    It eliminates the need for an expensive national system of documentary control . Commercial Advantages :- The advantages to commerce and to transport interests are equally clear . Goods may travel across national frontiers with a minimum of interference by Customs . By reducing delay in transit , i